Screening based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) dramatically reduced mortality from prostate cancer in a large 14-year randomized trial in Swedish men, researchers said.
Death rates associated with prostate cancer among nearly 10,000 men recruited for PSA screening in 1994 were 0.50%, compared with 0.90% in a similar group not invited for testing, reported Jonas Hugosson, MD, of Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Goteborg, Sweden, and colleagues online in Lancet Oncology.
After statistical adjustments, Hugosson and colleagues found a relative risk for prostate cancer death of 0.56 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.82) among those invited for screening. The risk reduction was even greater among invitees who actually underwent PSA testing.
Yet despite the large impact on mortality, the researchers were reluctant to endorse screening wholeheartedly.
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